Rules for motorcyclists (83 to 88)

Rules for motorcyclists, including helmets, carrying passengers, daylight riding and riding in the dark.

These Rules are in addition to those in the following sections which apply to all vehicles. See ‘Motorcycle licence requirements’.

General (rules 83 to 88)

Rule 83

On all journeys, the rider and pillion passenger on a motorcycle, scooter or moped MUST wear a protective helmet. This does not apply to a follower of the Sikh religion while wearing a turban. Helmets MUST comply with the Regulations and they MUST be fastened securely. Riders and passengers of motor tricycles and quadricycles, also called quadbikes, should also wear a protective helmet. Before each journey check that your helmet visor is clean and in good condition.

Rule 84

It is also advisable to wear eye protectors, which MUST comply with the Regulations. Scratched or poorly fitting eye protectors can limit your view when riding, particularly in bright sunshine and the hours of darkness. Consider wearing ear protection. Strong boots, gloves and suitable clothing may help to protect you if you are involved in a collision.

Rule 85

You MUST NOT carry more than one pillion passenger who MUST sit astride the machine on a proper seat. They should face forward with both feet on the footrests. You MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger unless your motorcycle is designed to do so. Provisional licence holders MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger.

Rule 86

Daylight riding. Make yourself as visible as possible from the side as well as the front and rear. You could wear a light or brightly coloured helmet and fluorescent clothing or strips. Dipped headlights, even in good daylight, may also make you more conspicuous. However, be aware that other vehicle drivers may still not have seen you, or judged your distance or speed correctly, especially at junctions.

Rule 86: Help yourself to be seen

Rule 87

Riding in the dark. Wear reflective clothing or strips to improve your visibility in the dark. These reflect light from the headlamps of other vehicles, making you visible from a longer distance. See Rules 113 to 116 for lighting requirements.

Rule 88

Manoeuvring. You should be aware of what is behind and to the sides before manoeuvring. Look behind you; use mirrors if they are fitted. When in traffic queues look out for pedestrians crossing between vehicles and vehicles emerging from junctions or changing lanes. Position yourself so that drivers in front can see you in their mirrors. Additionally, when filtering in slow-moving traffic, take care and keep your speed low.

Remember: Observation – Signal – Manoeuvre

Author's Explanation

Rules for Motorcyclists Explained (Rules 83–88)

Motorcyclists are more exposed than many other road users, so protective equipment, visibility and careful riding techniques are essential. The Highway Code highlights the importance of wearing suitable helmets, protective clothing and making sure both riders and passengers are properly protected before every journey.

Carrying passengers requires extra responsibility. A motorcycle must be designed for a pillion passenger, and the passenger must sit correctly with suitable footrests. Riders should also make themselves visible during daylight and darkness because other drivers may underestimate their speed or position on the road.

Safe manoeuvring depends on good observation and planning. Motorcyclists should check mirrors, look around before changing position and take extra care when filtering through slow-moving traffic, especially near pedestrians and vehicles changing direction.

Real-Life Examples

Example 1: A motorcyclist checks that their helmet visor is clean, the helmet is securely fastened and protective clothing is suitable before starting a journey.

Example 2: A rider carrying a passenger ensures the motorcycle has a proper pillion seat and footrests before allowing someone to travel.

Example 3: A motorcyclist wears reflective clothing at night so that drivers approaching from behind can see them more easily.

Example 4: A rider filtering through slow traffic reduces speed and checks carefully for pedestrians crossing between vehicles.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do motorcyclists have to wear a helmet?

Yes. Motorcycle and moped riders, as well as pillion passengers, must wear a protective helmet that meets legal requirements and is securely fastened.

Can a motorcycle carry more than one passenger?

No. A motorcycle must not carry more than one pillion passenger, and the passenger must use a proper seat with footrests.

How can motorcyclists improve visibility during the day?

Riders can improve visibility by wearing bright clothing, using suitable lighting and choosing positions where other road users can see them clearly.

What should motorcyclists wear when riding at night?

Reflective clothing or reflective strips are recommended because they help other drivers notice the rider from a greater distance.

What should riders check before manoeuvring?

Riders should follow the principle of observation, signal and manoeuvre. They should check mirrors, look around and make sure the movement is safe before changing position.